{"id":21,"date":"2024-02-01T15:49:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T15:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/chapter\/what-is-generative-ai\/"},"modified":"2024-05-14T09:13:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T09:13:14","slug":"what-is-generative-ai","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/chapter\/what-is-generative-ai\/","title":{"raw":"What is Generative AI?","rendered":"What is Generative AI?"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">What is Generative AI? What are some key terms to know?<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nThis chapter explores:\n<ul>\n \t<li>the origins and evolution of artificial intelligence;<\/li>\n \t<li>the meaning of key terms like AI, generative AI, large language model, and machine learning;<\/li>\n \t<li>the recent proliferation of new AI tools, and some ways they have impacted education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n\nAI has a long history. Flip through the timeline below to explore a selection of the key advances in AI. Click on the image in the top right hand corner to view fullscreen.\n\nThe original version of this chapter contained H5P content. You may want to remove or replace this element.\n\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Generative AI is a type of [pb_glossary id=\"86\"]artificial intelligence[\/pb_glossary] that uses [pb_glossary id=\"87\"]machine learning[\/pb_glossary] to generate new content by analyzing and processing vast amounts of data from diverse sources. Generative AI tools can generate text, images, video, sound, code, mathematical calculations, and more.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> The generated responses of these tools are [pb_glossary id=\"88\"]probabilistic[\/pb_glossary], which can result in errors in responses. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">[pb_glossary id=\"85\"]Large language models[\/pb_glossary] (LLMs), for instance, specialize in analyzing and processing text and generating new text. Different LLMs have distinct datasets and employ unique training methods. GPT 3.5, GPT 4, and PaLM 2 are examples of LLMs. OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT 4 is a [pb_glossary id=\"89\"]chatbot[\/pb_glossary] created on GPT 4. <\/span>\n\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">A useful <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/article\/ai-artificial-intelligence-glossary.html?searchResultPosition=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">glossary of AI terms can be found here<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"> and a brief <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/t9gmyvf7JYo?si=VI5Kr0M6X_dnyF-u\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">introductory video<\/a> from Ethan Mollick and Lilach Mollick of the Wharton School is below:<\/span>\n\n<section><\/section><section><\/section><section><\/section><section class=\"my-5\">[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/t9gmyvf7JYo?si=VI5Kr0M6X_dnyF-u[\/embed]\n\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">While generative AI is not new, OpenAI\u2019s launch of <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChatGPT<\/a> in November 2022\u00a0marked <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the fastest recorded adoption of a technology tool<\/span> to date<span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Over the following months, other multipurpose generative AI tools like <a href=\"https:\/\/copilot.microsoft.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copilot<\/a> (formerly Bing Chat) and <a href=\"https:\/\/gemini.google.com\/app\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gemini<\/a> (formerly Google Bard) were released, as were thousands of specialized AI tools. Many of these <a href=\"https:\/\/theresanaiforthat.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">specialized AI tools<\/a> are based on OpenAI's GPT, and are optimized for a specific task from scripting an apology to crafting a meal plan to debugging code.<\/span>\n\nT<span data-contrast=\"none\">he rapid proliferation of tools and advancements in technology led to over one hundred leaders in AI technology to write <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">an open letter<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> urging a collective pause on AI developments more powerful than GPT-4, calling for security and safety features and the creation of regulation and governance structures. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">The need for such regulation extends globally<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, and also applies to specific sectors such as post-secondary education. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Broader issues related to generative AI include\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">privacy of personal data<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">risks of misinformation,<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">existential risks<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, bias<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">environmental costs<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">labour exploitation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">copyright.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> Read more about these issues in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/chapter\/capabilities-and-limitations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Capabilities and Limitations of AI Tools<\/a> chapter.\n<\/span>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n \t<li>AI has a long history, and the capability of AI tools has grown exponentially over time.<\/li>\n \t<li>Generative AI tools turn plain language prompts into text, images, videos, code, and more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n \t<li>Make a list of ways that AI tools may be used in your particular role. This may include enhancing teaching and learning, or assisting with administrative tasks.<\/li>\n \t<li>Experiment with an AI tool like Copilot, ChatGPT, or Gemini. Ask it to complete a few tasks related to your work context or out-of-work interests, reflecting on what it does well and what its weaknesses are.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Attributions<\/p>\nThis chapter is an adaptation of <span id=\"output\" class=\"outputbox\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub\/mcmasterteachgenerativeai\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning at McMaster University\"<\/a> by Paul R MacPherson Institute for Leadership, Innovation and Excellence in Teaching and is used under a <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> license.<\/span>\n\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<\/section>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">What is Generative AI? What are some key terms to know?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>This chapter explores:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the origins and evolution of artificial intelligence;<\/li>\n<li>the meaning of key terms like AI, generative AI, large language model, and machine learning;<\/li>\n<li>the recent proliferation of new AI tools, and some ways they have impacted education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>AI has a long history. Flip through the timeline below to explore a selection of the key advances in AI. Click on the image in the top right hand corner to view fullscreen.<\/p>\n<p>The original version of this chapter contained H5P content. You may want to remove or replace this element.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Generative AI is a type of <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_21_86\">artificial intelligence<\/a> that uses <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_21_87\">machine learning<\/a> to generate new content by analyzing and processing vast amounts of data from diverse sources. Generative AI tools can generate text, images, video, sound, code, mathematical calculations, and more.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> The generated responses of these tools are <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_21_88\">probabilistic<\/a>, which can result in errors in responses. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_21_85\">Large language models<\/a> (LLMs), for instance, specialize in analyzing and processing text and generating new text. Different LLMs have distinct datasets and employ unique training methods. GPT 3.5, GPT 4, and PaLM 2 are examples of LLMs. OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT 4 is a <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_21_89\">chatbot<\/a> created on GPT 4. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">A useful <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/article\/ai-artificial-intelligence-glossary.html?searchResultPosition=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">glossary of AI terms can be found here<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"> and a brief <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/t9gmyvf7JYo?si=VI5Kr0M6X_dnyF-u\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">introductory video<\/a> from Ethan Mollick and Lilach Mollick of the Wharton School is below:<\/span><\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section class=\"my-5\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Practical AI for Instructors and Students Part 1: Introduction to AI for Teachers and Students\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t9gmyvf7JYo?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">While generative AI is not new, OpenAI\u2019s launch of <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChatGPT<\/a> in November 2022\u00a0marked <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the fastest recorded adoption of a technology tool<\/span> to date<span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Over the following months, other multipurpose generative AI tools like <a href=\"https:\/\/copilot.microsoft.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copilot<\/a> (formerly Bing Chat) and <a href=\"https:\/\/gemini.google.com\/app\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gemini<\/a> (formerly Google Bard) were released, as were thousands of specialized AI tools. Many of these <a href=\"https:\/\/theresanaiforthat.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">specialized AI tools<\/a> are based on OpenAI&#8217;s GPT, and are optimized for a specific task from scripting an apology to crafting a meal plan to debugging code.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>T<span data-contrast=\"none\">he rapid proliferation of tools and advancements in technology led to over one hundred leaders in AI technology to write <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">an open letter<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> urging a collective pause on AI developments more powerful than GPT-4, calling for security and safety features and the creation of regulation and governance structures. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">The need for such regulation extends globally<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, and also applies to specific sectors such as post-secondary education. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Broader issues related to generative AI include\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">privacy of personal data<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">risks of misinformation,<\/span>\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">existential risks<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, bias<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">environmental costs<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">labour exploitation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">copyright.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> Read more about these issues in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/chapter\/capabilities-and-limitations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Capabilities and Limitations of AI Tools<\/a> chapter.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>AI has a long history, and the capability of AI tools has grown exponentially over time.<\/li>\n<li>Generative AI tools turn plain language prompts into text, images, videos, code, and more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Make a list of ways that AI tools may be used in your particular role. This may include enhancing teaching and learning, or assisting with administrative tasks.<\/li>\n<li>Experiment with an AI tool like Copilot, ChatGPT, or Gemini. Ask it to complete a few tasks related to your work context or out-of-work interests, reflecting on what it does well and what its weaknesses are.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Attributions<\/p>\n<p>This chapter is an adaptation of <span id=\"output\" class=\"outputbox\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub\/mcmasterteachgenerativeai\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning at McMaster University&#8221;<\/a> by Paul R MacPherson Institute for Leadership, Innovation and Excellence in Teaching and is used under a <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> license.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_21_86\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_21_86\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision making, and translation between languages.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_21_87\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_21_87\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision making, and translation between languages.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_21_88\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_21_88\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Based on or adapted to a theory of probability; subject to or involving chance variation.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_21_85\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_21_85\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>AI tools that can generate human-like text, based on predictions made after learning from vast amounts of written text.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_21_89\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_21_89\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>A computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":20,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/21"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":92,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/21\/revisions\/92"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/20"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/21\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=21"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=21"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.hdfoundation.in\/aiineducation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}